All blood cells begin as undifferentiated stem cells capable of reproducing themselves. Generations of cells eventually differentiate into cell lines that will mature to produce erythrocytes, ...

The blood has three types of formed elements: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets or thrombocytes . Erythrocytes:  Also called red blood ...

Blood consists of plasma and formed elements. Plasma, which makes up about 55% of blood, is the straw-colored clear liquid in which cellular elements and dissolved substances (solutes) ...

Blood is essential to all cell life. It distributes oxygen, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and enzymes throughout the body. Table below shows four major functions of blood.

Persistent vacuoles are seen in the protoplasm of granulocytes, monocytes and occasional lymphocytes of some people suffering from ichthyosis or muscular dystrophy or Storage diseases. In ...

Supravital stain of a smear of human blood from a patient with hemolytic anemia. The reticulocytes are the cells with the dark blue dots and curved linear structures (reticulum) in ...

Before we start with the abnormal morphologies, let’s talk about normal morphology of Red Blood Cells. Normal mature RBC are biconcave, round discs that are about 6 – 8 in ...

Corn Meal Agar is used for the cultivation of fungi and the demonstration of chlamydospore production Candida albicans is the etiological agent in candidiasis, which can range from ...

Fungi reproduce by either: 1- Sexual reproduction: formation of Zygospore, ascospores or basidiospores 2- Asexual reproduction : – Budding or fission – Asexual spores ...

Depending on cell morphology classified as : Yeasts Yeast like fungi Molds Dimorphic fungi 1- Yeasts: Unicellular fungi which reproduce by budding On culture  –  produce  ...

Klebsiella Characteristic mucoid colonies are a consequence of the organism’s abundant polysaccharide capsule. Lactose-fermenting colonies Escherichia coli colonies Lactose-fermenting ...

Introduction Toxoplasma gondii, the causative organism of toxoplasmosis, was first observed in 1927 in the gondi, a North African rodent. The first human case of toxoplasmosis was ...