Overview of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
ALP is generally part of a routine lab testing profile, often with a group of other tests called a liver panel. It is also usually ordered along with several other tests if a patient ...
Overview of Albumin
A physician orders a blood albumin test (usually along with several other tests) if a person seems to have symptoms of a liver disorder or nephrotic syndrome.
Doctors may also order ...
Serum Amylase – Overwiew
An amylase test may be ordered if you show symptoms of a pancreatic disorder, such as severe abdominal pain, fever, loss of appetite, or nausea.
Normal values for amylase depend ...
Overview on Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) – (SGPT)
A physician usually orders an ALT test (and several others) to evaluate a patient who has symptoms of a liver disorder. Some of these symptoms include jaundice, dark urine, nausea, ...
Myoglobin
Myoglobin is a heme-containing and Oxygen binding protein which is present in the cystoplasm of Skeletal and Cardiac muscle cells. It serves as a reservoir of oxygen.
When muscle ...
Difference between amorphous Urate and Phosphate
The distinction between amorphous urates and amorphous phosphates is often made on the urinary pH basis but the following can help in differentiation:
Phosphate is seen in alkaline ...
Factors known to be promoters of cast formation
Factors known to be promoters of cast formation are:
Increased amount of certain proteins as Albumin, Myoglobin ,and Hemoglobin
Urinary stasis
Cellular debris
Low glomerular filtration ...
Calcium Oxalate crystals (monohydrate)
Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals vary in size and may have a spindle, oval, or dumbbell shape.
Found normally in urine after ingestion of vit C, tomato, spinch, garlic , orange.
Urine Ketone, When it’s ordered ?
Urine Ketone usually ordered for these purposes:
Screening for ketonuria in pregnant women because ketoacidosis is a prominent factor that contributes to intrauterine death.
Screening ...
Calcium phosphate crystals in urine
Calcium phosphate crystals are normal in urine and their appearance look like a large flat-shaped plates orwedge-shaped prisms. THe prisms often appear in rosettes. Single prisms are ...
Muddy brown granular casts
Urine sediment showing multiple, muddy brown granular casts. These findings are highly suggestive of acute tubular necrosis in a patient with Acute kidney injury (Acute renal failure).

